The Global South Water Crisis Analysis Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is humankind ‘s most basic necessity. Approximately one in eight people are without entree to clean, safe imbibing H2O ( JMP 2008:56 ) . The H2O crisis of the planetary South — Buenos Aires, Jakarta and Cebu in peculiar — is a complex, locally defined and combative issue ; debates about whether H2O is a public human right or a in private owned consumer trade good are taking precedence in development discourse on the international phase. Built-in to this issue is a historic power relationship between the West — Europe, Canada and the US — and these aforementioned planetary South states in which the former has tended to profit at the latter ‘s disbursal. Yet the inquiry of bureau still remains: who has non merely the power, but the willingness to ordain alteration? Many Canadians have a minimum consciousness of the perpetuating H2O crisis, yet it is a common misconception that a solution lies non in the custodies of single agents, but national leaders. Until late, I held similar beliefs. While analyzing the quality of assorted H2O beginnings with a local concern, I realized that much of our society is to the full reliant on bottled H2O and that, most significantly, the sum of money spent on the added convenience could be used to assist extenuate the annihilating effects of this H2O deficit. First, this paper examines the current conditions of the crisis by detecting Nigeria, India and China. To be clear, H2O â€Å" crisis † refers to a deficiency of handiness, an inadequate or non-existent public supply web, and taint, all lending to a deficit of safe imbibing H2O. Furthermore, after analysing the ignored potency for Western multinational corporations ( TNCs ) to relieve the state of affairs in Buenos Aires, Jakarta and Cebu, and so rese arching the extent of H2O ingestion in the West, it becomes apparent that there is an chance for Canadians to lend to a solution. Before foregrounding this single bureau, it is necessary to get down by depicting some of the current conditions inherent to the H2O crisis. Although conditions vary and each instance in itself can non supply a entire representation, the illustration of Lagos, Nigeria demonstrates colonial and political hindrances ; Imphal, India reveals the troubles of supply and intervention ; and China provides penetration into the effects of pollution. First, the metropolis of Lagos — although the largest in sub-Saharan Africa — is plagued by a low quality of life and an unequal supply of H2O services despite economic growing ( Gandy 2006:371-72 ) . Sections of the deteriorating substructure, such as the absence of a working public sewage web, are chief subscribers to this issue of H2O handiness ( ibid:372 ) . Although non the lone cause, it can be traced in portion to a colonial history. As a prevailing trade Centre in West Africa, European presence left a permanent impact vis-a-vis a contrast in life criterions between colonial elites and the African bulk in Lagos who were non even considered portion of â€Å" the populace † ( ibid:375, 377 ) . British decision makers neglected the malignant urban conditions by concentrating on bettering affluent countries alternatively, proposing that these issues resulted from public upset instead than a deficiency of accountable policy enterprises ( ibid:375-76 ) . Such in equality was heightened in 1949 when colonial leaders responded to increased H2O deficits with limitations on the African population, forestalling them from rinsing and other everyday activities ( ibid:377 ) . Finally, merely 10 per centum of homes were left with direct entree to the municipal H2O system ( ibid:378 ) . Most devastating of all were the power structures set in topographic point by colonial swayers, which over clip have come to bring forth the bequest of a weak African province ( Gandy 2006:372 ) . With a high degree of national debt, local capacity to change by reversal the paralyzing effects of the H2O deficit are limited ( Biswas 2005:234 ) . Despite being the top industrial Centre of Nigeria after independency, the crisis was so permeant that it forced local industries to pass 20 per centum of their capital on buying their ain H2O ( Gandy 2006:381 ) . A current bastard and independent authorities unable to react to the demand for investing, coupled with disabling economic and cultural hindrances inherited from a dark colonial yesteryear, has been one of many subscribers supplying the evidences for the H2O crisis to go a powerful force. The fact that reconstituting this post-colonial system in locations like Lagos has non succeeded, unluckily, is partially due to an academic discou rse which lacks critical penetration into the nature of current conditions in Africa and beyond ( ibid:372 ) . Second, the state of affairs in Imphal, India provides an first-class presentation of jobs associated with H2O supply and intervention. Although moderate-sized metropoliss like Imphal are frequently ignored in current literature on the crisis, the atrociousnesss are merely as important ( Anthony 2007:224 ) . Harmonizing to the World Bank, scarce supplies and unjust monetary values have remained unchanged over the past three decennaries ( ibid ) . Of the legion substructure jobs confronting developing states, a deficiency of safe imbibing H2O is the hardest to decide ( ibid:223 ) . In a study conducted in Imphal, 50 per centum of families â€Å" spent more than a fifth of their income on H2O † ( ibid:229 ) . As supported by the aforesaid instance of Lagos, elites frequently have personal inducement in keep backing such a necessity ( ibid:224 ) . To supply a little cross-section of the fortunes, the beginnings, quality and handiness of H2O in Imphal will be considered. Refering the assorted beginnings of H2O that locals rely on where the public web is deficient, those with private connexions merely have entree for no more than three hours each twenty-four hours with unequal commissariats for storage, and those trusting on private or neighbourhood pools face dry seasons that greatly affect their supply ( Anthony 2007:228 ) . Water intervention workss lack the equipment to efficaciously supervise the quality of H2O, and since storage armored combat vehicles are non protected, taint is a major reverse ( ibid:234 ) . Both pool and piped H2O beginnings — although piped H2O is â€Å" treated † ab initio — normally have to be filtered by families to guarantee imbibing quality ( ibid:230 ) . The handiness of H2O, particularly refering the piped H2O system, is dependent on the location and income of families, although merely half of those designed to have entree do ( ibid ) . Third, to supply another illustration, China represents the dangers of pollution. Seventy per centum of river H2O in China is undrinkable as a consequence of taint from industrial waste, sewerage and agricultural chemicals ( Wu 2006:35 ) . The longest river in China, the Yangtze, is merely 28 per centum beverage, cutting through the most thickly settled countries and transporting waste H2O along with it ( ibid ) . At the present rate, harmonizing to Robin Clarke of World Climate News, an tremendous impact will be felt in the signifier of both nutrient deficits and a damaged universe ecology ( Coles 2005:14 ) . With astonishing effects, there is no denying the extent of the job ; nevertheless, the existent issue that needs to be addressed is the demand for a solution — investing. Now that some of the H2O crisis ‘ conditions have been identified, it is important to discourse the combative procedure of declaration. Although there are many prospective responses, including revamping dysfunctional political and economic constructions, one of the most common is that of investing. To do sense of the manner in which development organisations and Western histrions have participated, the influence of TNCs will be discussed, followed by specific surveies from Buenos Aires, Jakarta and Cebu. First, one must understand the connexion between the discourse on H2O denationalization in the alleged development universe and the function of TNCs. In 1992, the Dublin Conference on Water and Environment provoked a monumental alteration in the definition of H2O, labelling it foremost and foremost an economic good, while keeping that it was a human right ( Robbins 2003:1076-77 ) . With many developing provinces being unable to supply the substructure necessary for providing equal H2O and disregarding its economic value, the international development community deemed their actions both a failure and the cause of the crisis, governing that the World Bank, every bit good as other development bureaus, would alternatively go responsible for pull offing H2O as a private trade good ( ibid:1074, 1076 ) . Their primary agents, so, would be TNCs. Harmonizing to both the World Bank and former UN Commission on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ) Secretary General Kenneth Dadzie, H2O must be suppli ed by agencies of denationalization, non the populace sector ( ibid:1077 ) . To keep an indifferent position, there are two sides to this argument to see. Those recommending for the private direction of H2O resources adopt the neoclassical economic attack by reasoning that shooting foreign direct investing into these â€Å" struggling † economic systems will supply additions for both participants ; in their eyes, mobilising the private sector is the lone solution to guaranting that public demands are met ( Robbins 2003:1074-75 ) . In contrast, local communities criticize TNCs for non merely being profit-seeking, implementing services to the disadvantage of the hapless, but besides for commanding denationalization as an oligopoly of a few corporations ( ibid:1074, 1076 ) . The issue that H2O is a human right that should be without cost besides comes into inquiry ( Anthony 2007:225 ) . Nevertheless, in utilizing Foucault ‘s construct of power, it is incontestable that TNCs use their planetary prominence to sell the apparently opposing thoughts of d evelopment and sustainability as one and the same ( Robbins 2003:1076 ) . Now that the phase has been set in supplying the background for this denationalization discourse, detecting a few instance surveies will be helpful in measuring the effectivity and influence of TNCs in the procedure of deciding the H2O crisis. With a important diminution in foreign assistance since the 1980s, TNCs are now considered the armory of development agents, foreign domestic investing being the quintessential ingredient for economic stimulation ( Fisher and Urich 2001:7-8 ) . Harmonizing to Anthony ( 2007:224 ) , the denationalization of H2O takes two different signifiers: either a complete coup d'etat by private companies, or a private-public cooperation. The undermentioned instances will uncover both the pros and cons of these options. First, the illustration of Buenos Aires describes the work of Suez, a TNC among the first one 100 of the Fortune Global 500 ( Robbins 2003:1075 ) . After doing a contract with local private H2O company Aguas Argentinas, Suez created a figure of policies refering the supply of H2O ( ibid:1078 ) . Ignoring occupants busying ownerless land, the company expanded H2O connexions by bear downing clients six hundred dollars and metering their use, coercing the hapless to pay more and doing connexions unaffordable ( ibid ) . Although Suez promoted their concern as â€Å" pro hapless † by widening entree to four destitute countries antecedently unconnected, â€Å" bettering † the life conditions, their successful â€Å" mean 19 per centum rate of return † during the first five old ages ended in 2002 with economic prostration ( ibid ) . Despite initial advancement being made, Suez counted the venture as a $ 200 million failure, finally showing their profit-oriented mentalit y ( ibid ) . Second, Suez ‘s work can besides be traced to a contract made with the Jakarta H2O service in 1997 ( Robbins 2003:1079 ) . They established 31 per centum more H2O connexions than had existed antecedently in a metropolis with half of its population life in the slums, yet those who benefited the most from this enlargement were from â€Å" really modest countries † ( ibid ) . It is of import to observe that although some perceive policies that are advantageous to the wealthy as negative, one must follow a wide position by every bit sing how both the hapless and rich are affected. However, despite new connexions being established, it did non intend that more hapless dwellers received running H2O ; on the contrary, most of them still relied on street sellers, with 70 per centum still without entree ( ibid ) . Local reaction to the Suez intercession came in the signifier of environmental and student protests, kicking about increased monetary values and a 48 per centum H2O esca pe ( ibid ) . An applied scientist from the public system claimed that the company â€Å" robbed everything [ they ] had, † and critics of denationalization emphasized Suez ‘s inefficiency every bit good as their deficiency of desire to convey betterment to the full system ( ibid ) . Third, in 1995 in Cebu, the Alliance — another TNC — proposed the Bohol-Cebu Water Supply Project aimed at both supplying H2O for under-supplied Cebu and well-needed gross for Bohol ( Fisher and Urich 2001:9-10 ) . Hazards were high — of the major concerns were happening a significant H2O beginning to pull from, covering with deposit and human waste saturating the H2O tabular array, and shrieking within a seismically active zone ( ibid:10 ) . Despite these factors, the Alliance promoted the â€Å" great investing † while disregarding intervention criterions and puting the authorities responsible for temblor hazards ( ibid ) . Sing themselves as â€Å" experts † in understanding the positive results, the company neglected the rights of stakeholders — including involvement groups — and the local populace to cognize how the undertaking would impact them, avoided their input and failed to utilize linguistic communication that would be unde rstood by all, finally bring forthing a deep misgiving ( ibid:11-12 ) . As a consequence, analysts declared that although TNCs have a immense function to play, economic involvements will ever endanger to acquire in the manner of environmental and societal demands ( ibid:17 ) . Whether one considers accomplishments or focuses on local resistance to denationalization, it has by and large resulted in more failures than success ( Anthony 2007:226 ) . The extent of the job was summarized in 2003 when Suez announced that they were retreating investing from â€Å" poorer † states and discontinuing to supply it in the hereafter due to high instability and a deficiency of short term returns ( Robbins 2003:1080 ) . Planing to recover the losingss accumulated as a consequence of these â€Å" Third World failures, † they declared a displacement in investing towards the â€Å" soundest † markets of the West — including Europe and North America — unless the IMF and World Bank could minimise hazards ( ibid ) . But it was non Suez entirely that adopted this stance ; most H2O companies held similar concerns about low rates of return in states of the â€Å" Third World, † being unable to trust on the hapless to supply gross ( ibid:1 080-81 ) . Although this is debatable for establishments like the World Bank who guarantee that the denationalization of H2O is the lone solution, TNCs are expressed about where their motivations lie: no net income means no investing ( ibid:1081 ) . European and North American TNCs have helped determine this procedure of relief, yet after neglecting to perpetrate to doing a permanent impact, the inquiry of where this investing will come from becomes pertinent. Although there are ever other options to see, one such solution Centres on the single bureau of Canadians. To analyse this, it is of import to first observe the extent of H2O ingestion in Canada and the West, followed by how persons can proactively react to the H2O crisis. With UN Millennium Development Goals taking to cut the unavailability of H2O by 50 per centum by 2015, any benefits from TNC denationalization — to whatever extent they provide them — are non plenty to replace the demand for assistance ( Cain and Gleick 2005:79 ; Peter and Urich 2001:17 ) . For those keeping authoritiess responsible, states have contributed a meagre 0.4 per centum of their gross national income to development aid on norm ( Cain and Gleick 2005:80 ) . Harmonizing to Cain and Gleick ( ibid:81 ) , consumers spend about $ 100 billion each twelvemonth on bottled H2O for gustatory sensation and convenience — probably less than the cost needed to supply H2O services — when tap H2O is 100s of times cheaper every bit good as normally safe for imbibing. Bringing these facts together, Canadian persons have the possible to take portion in planetary development, giving the â€Å" convenience † of the bottled trade good and lending the ensuing nest eggs to assist relieve the H2O crisis by run intoing the demand for assistance. Some undertakings such as LifeStraw fund the usage of instant microbiological purifiers to supply efficient H2O intervention for contaminated beginnings ( Vestergaard Frandsen 2011 ) . Others, The Water Project in peculiar, construct Wellss that supply safe imbibing H2O ; ten dollars gives H2O to one individual for 10 old ages ( The Water Project 2010 ) . Either manner, chances exist to change over Western ingestion into significant solutions. The H2O crisis is clearly non simplistic, easy to understand, or discernible on a individual degree, but instead, it plays out in many ways, with conditions changing depending on states ‘ political, cultural and economic characteristics. What can be analyzed is the extent to which Western TNCs have attempted to relieve these atrociousnesss by concentrating on investing through H2O denationalization ; unluckily, although non universally, most have chosen economic net incomes in leu of supplying basic human demands. There is a hope, so, that Canadian persons can enlist themselves as agents of alteration, giving some of their ain stuff amenitiess. By lending these nest eggs as a signifier of assistance, Canadians can rethink the manner they take for granted the luxuries of running H2O. As in most instances in development surveies, the first measure is to understand the many-sided nature of a argument. One can recognize that there will ever be differing positions based on the facts , with no right reply or perfect solution. Of greater importance, nevertheless, is that when persons learn to follow this critical oculus, they can no longer claim that Western â€Å" expertness † and methodological analysis is superior. Furthermore, disclosure demands application — conveying consciousness to non merely a freshly discovered duty as agents to run into these cosmopolitan demands, but a duty as members of a planetary community.

Ethical Speaking Analysis Essay

Ethical Speaking Analysis Paper Octavius L. Crowell COMM310 August 9, 2012 Dr. Dixon The most recent situation I have had involving speech ethics, had to be when I first started my job as front desk clerk at the Marriott hotel. All of my previous occupations were warehouse type meaning I had little to knew contact with customers, and I didn’t have to speak much. So when I started working at the Marriott as a front desk clerk , the main attribute of the job was speaking and interacting with guest. This was a major transformation from my previous jobs and required me to work on my speech ethics immediately. I started watching videos for proper speech ethics and it really helped me out a lot, I am still employed by Marriott four years later, and it has been the best job I have had so far. Not only have I gotten good at speaking and interacting with the guest I find myself enjoying it. It can be refreshing to have a conversation with an complete stranger you have just met. With my experience of speaking in front of strangers all day long at work, it helped me prepare for speaking in front of classmate at university of phoenix. I could tell a difference because neither was I shy or nervous to stand up in speak in my very first class I attended at university of phoenix, I figured that confidence came from the type of work I do at the hotel. I have received a good amount of awards from my job, like employee of the month and most outstanding customer representative. I am also in line for promotion to ecome the assistant front desk manager. Without the proper speech ethics this would not have been possible. Having the proper speech ethics can take a person a long way, it show professionalism, intelligence, and respectfulness in a human being. Not having the proper speech ethics can be the downfall in a person career, business, and maybe even life. Having a job as front desk clerk at a hotel really helped me evolve as a speaker and person. And attending the university of phoenix is going to take me to the next level.

Business Ethics for Blood - Sweat and T-shirts

The Blood, Sweat and T-shirts is a documentary series that was first broadcasted in 2008 on BBC. The series was followed by six of the fashion consumers from British and were aged between 20-24. The organisers and the team member of the Blood, Sweat and T-shirts have travelled to India, lived here, and tried to understand the workplace environment. They noted the workplace, the workers and how they made clothes which are destined for the sale in the various British high street stores. In this report, the various perspectives of this organisation will be explained keeping in mind the corporate social responsibility. This series of the Blood, sweat and T shirts is basically a set up on the Indian environment and the workers who are amongst the social backward people. This series was nominated the best factual series in its category in the 2009 BAFTA Television awards (Hartman, DesJardins& MacDonald, 2014). In this report the various ethical issues, corporate social responsibility and t he ethical theory related to this Blood, Sweat and T shirt organisation will be explained. The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) is a new guideline that provides hints and guidelines that provides tips and hints that helps to promote the ethical trade in the fashions industry. There is a need to create more and more people who are concerned about the different ways who can make their clothes (DesJardins& McCall, 2014). The consumers want to shop ethnically who are not sure of the different things they do. The ethical trade is regarded as the plex area that needs to show some of the new guidelines that is a simple step that might take everyone in the ranging steps. There is a need to know the ethical pest that the people need to know and it is OK about about it. There is a need to shop ethically that they are not sure of what exactly to be done. The ethical trade is a plex one that is a new one that shows that there are some of the simple steps that need to be taken on the various ranging checking that have the ETI as it’s the member of the pany. The ETI is a member o f the pany that has a sign up to that that relates to asking the various tough questions related to the fashion retailers. The CSR or the corporate social responsibility is considered as a management system where the pany integrates with various environmental concerns that help in their business operations and making their interactions with the various stakeholders (DesJardins & McCall, 2014). The business strategy and the social responsibility of the various six and young addicts in the world of fashion has an experience of their own. They are making clothes for the high street people in Britain and in the various parts of the mills and their cotton belts in the mills of the India that has their clothes stitched in their cramped back room (Crane& Matten,2016).   There is also a need to have cramped back rooms along with the sewing machine as their next sleeping machine that needs to showcase the changes that relates to their attitudes in the cut piece pricing level of the clothing. The Blurb from the reality show of BBC makes a discovery of the blog in an interesting way (Weiss, 2014).   The CSR s trategy is quite strong of the Blood Sweat and T shirts organisation and it tries to maintain every possible way that will make it prosper more in the future days. The CSR initiative is based on the three major activity of any broadcasting organization that is the planning, executing and the monitoring. Using these three main ways any organisation can reach its goal of delivering the best to their customers. There is a need to make a good CSR strategy that will eventually help the pany to bring out its best to the customers (Trevino& Nelson, 2016). The ethical theory is based on the various ways that has a leading case study of the discussion that needs to provide guideline to the various steps of the discussion in the case study. There are various moral theory that acts as the tool that might help an individual to think logically on several issues (Chell et al. 2016). There is a need to arrive at a certain point in the decision that might be defended in a rational way.   The ethical theory is termed as the mechanism for assessing the various particular actions that might be ruled and to be more precise there is need to make an individual feel and arrive at a certain levels (Ferrell& Fraedrich, 2015). The various moral theories that can be ranged are from the Utilitarianism that has their base on what is called the â€Å"morally right† on the consequences of several actions. The various theories related to deontological, has a base concepts of what is considered â€Å"morally right† based on the laws that is uni versally accepted that might exist outside of a specific situation. These are the certain approaches that differ significantly, from all the moral theories have two things in mon (Armstrong et al. 2015). In case of the moral theory there is a need to be helpful, that should provide one with the   various sources of the moral values (reasons behind why we should be moral), and it should provide a plete framework or strategy for the ranks in the moral norms when there is a confrontation of the dilemma. Some of the organizations misuse the poor workers for the sake of work and they do not even bother to pay them their right (Ferrell & Fraedrich, 2015). The ethical theory for every organization is almost the same that includes not exploiting the workers. This must be kept in mind because the workers are poor in most cases and mostly their ignorance is taken as an advantage. The issues of the sustainability and labour to the various frequencies of the various debates and the seasons around the world of the ethical issues can easily turn judgmental. The morality is the objective of the ethics that has the philosophical theory of the different types that may be pared with one another. The Blood, Sweat and T shirt is one of the major web series that bring light upon the various segments of the difficulty that are faced by the poor workers (Hartman, DesJardins & MacDonald, 2014). The workers could easily be exploited just because mostly they are uneducated and the owners treat this as an advantage. The behavior that has been attributed to the various social parisons explains that the consumers are acting as the self defence that has not been viewed by the inferior to the ethical consumers. They usually do not care about the different ethical issues that have been reminded as not being acted upon. Generally, in accordance to those values while the rest feel sorry about themselves and how they lash out some of them who were not made to feel in that way to be precise (Hoffman, Frederick & Schwartz, 2014). From this report, the various segments of this report that is based primarily on the business ethics of the Blood, Sweat and T shirts have been explained. The ethical theory along with the corporate social responsibility has been explained. The various issues on the grounds of the ethical norms have been discussed. It can be easily concluded that the poor workers who are working for the big organizational pany are easily exploited because of their ignorance and are often cheated upon in terms of the payments. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., & Brennan, R. (2015). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., & Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 619-625. Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J. R., & McCall, J. J. (2014). Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O. C., & Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making & cases. Nelson Education. Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., & MacDonald, C. (2014). Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., & Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014). Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley & Sons. Medeiros, K. E., Watts, L. L., Mulhearn, T. J., Steele, L. M., Mumford, M. D., & Connelly, S. (2017). What is Working, What is Not, and What We Need to Know: a Meta-Analytic Review of Business Ethics Instruction. Journal of Academic Ethics, 1-31. Michalos, A. C. (2017). The impact of trust on business, international security and the quality of life. In How Good Policies and Business Ethics Enhance Good Quality of Life (pp. 127-153). Springer International Publishing. Robinson, S., & Dowson, P. (2017). Business ethics in practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Trevino, L. K., & Nelson, K. A. (2016). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley & Sons. Weiss, J. W. (2014). Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

BUS 263 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUS 263 - Essay Example According to the CPSC (Murray), there is a total cost of up to $3,100 over 15 years for a table saw whose original costs may be only $100 to $300. This cost takes into account (1) direct medical costs, but more importantly (2) legal costs for the inevitable lawsuits which surface over bodily injury. What is not counted in the cost is the legal expense incurred by the manufacturers, even if they win the case. In the past, Quik-Cut could argue in personal-injury cases that its customers were using state-of-the-art technology at their own risk. In the future, the company has fewer legal arguments. Even if it chooses to offer the stop technology at an additional price, there is a risk that the jury would find Quik-Cut liable for not installing the innovation on all of its products. The president of Quik-Cut has a choice at present: embrace the technology and seek a competitive advantage for a period of time, or work with the rest of the industry to stonewall the invention, at least for a period of time. A third alternative—design around it—may or may not work. Design around It: The company would develop its own technology, but that would take time and perhaps expertise that the company doesn’t have. In addition, if a competitor introduced the technology prior to Quik-Cut bringing it to market, the company may face the same legal dilemma it faces today. Stonewall the invention. This would require that all the manufacturers—large and small—hew to the industry line. If Quik-Cut and its competitors chose not to introduce the invention, they could construct a case on technical merits illustrating why the technology was not yet ready to be implemented. The two dangers to this strategy are (1) there could be a later discovery procedure as a part of a product-liability lawsuit that could reveal the industry’s

Confucianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Confucianism - Essay Example In fact, the Five Great Relationships are five fundamentals of noble behavior (Phatak, 2011). The first one is a good attitude of a father to a son, and the respectful attitude of a son to a father. The second rule of the Great Relationships lies in a gentle attitude of an elder brother to younger ones and respect of younger children to an elder brother. The third relationship manifests itself in a righteous treatment of a wife by her husband and wife’s obedience to him. The forth important doctrine of moral relations between people reflects in a humane attitude of older people to younger ones and respectful attitude of younger men to older people. And finally the fifth principle of morality is a generous attitude of rulers to ministers and citizens and respective loyalty of ministers and citizens to their rulers. It is obvious that Confucius has seen relations between people themselves as the highest form and main basis of successful intercourse of state rulers and average ci tizens, since men, as they are presented by nature without any statuses and social positions, serve as a premier source of morality provided by their constant development of ethical principles of life. In practice, Confucius has believed that there is a particular power in the Universe helping people to follow these rules of relationships. It can unite everybody regardless their high or low social positions in their understanding of each other, which directly leads to democratic regulation of relations. Consequently, harmony settles in every possible sphere of people’s being, for there is no place for quarrels, strife, wars, and any other conflicts in family, community and country at all. Continuing the concept of people’s moral development, Confucianism proclaims the idea of the junzi or the Ideal Person. â€Å"This idea of a model man or an ideal gentleman is a very important

The climate change. Carbon Tax in Australia Essay

The climate change. Carbon Tax in Australia - Essay Example It is supposed to affect most of the Australian industries along with the household people. Carbon tax has been proposed with the view of associating cost with carbon emission and encouraging people to make use renewable sources of energy. An IMC plan has been set out to promote this new carbon tax in Australia. The target audience has been identified to be the Australian households and the industries in Australia. Relevant communication objectives have also been developed focusing more on the awareness amongst people about carbon tax and its implications and thereby helping to create a brand image of the same. Creative strategies towards the achievement of each of the communication objectives have also been developed. Media plan have been formulated and is considered to be the key of the effectiveness of this IMC plan. A proper media mix has been taken into consideration to enable effective communication with the specific target audiences. The climate change as a consequence of glob al warming is an important environmental issue in today’s world. The earth’s temperature has been rising at an alarming rate in the recent years. All the nations in the world are concerned about it, and Australia is no exception. The government of Australia has come up with the proposal of implementation of a new environmental tax, namely carbon tax. ... This study discusses the development an Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) plan so as to promote carbon tax, its implications, and advantages associated with it. A proper segmental analysis along with the formulation of specific communication objectives has been included in this study. Creative strategies to achieve the communication objectives have also been included in this study. Lastly, a proper media plan has been developed for creating an effective communication with the target audience. 2. Segment Analysis The key principle behind IMC is the knowledge of customers. This knowledge is made possible through proper segmentation of target audience or customer in order to identify them (Duncan 204). Segmentation of customers is usually done on the basis of certain parameters like geographic, psychographic, demographic, and behavioural characteristics. This study is about developing an IMC plan for the promotion of the proposed carbon tax by the government of Australia. Hence t he first primary task in developing such plan would be the proper segmentation of a target audience. Carbon tax is designed to be imposed on those adding to the carbon emission in the atmosphere. Carbon emission occurs mainly from two sources: from the production of goods, which results in carbon emission, or from the consumption of goods and services, which results in the emission of carbon into the atmosphere. Hence the Australian economy can be thought of as two broad segments, namely the Australian households and the companies in Australia that are involved in consuming and producing energy from sources that cause carbon emission. Australian households

The interrelationship between organisational strategy and employee Essay

The interrelationship between organisational strategy and employee involvement - Essay Example With this necessary incorporation in terms of organizational strategy, they have been able to look at the ethical side of things as well since the moral grounds have been set in a proper manner and there are as such no apprehensions to state the least in the present times (McKinley, 2003). A business can move from a position of stability to one of a complete unstable stance as it acquires different means of gathering the market and its driving factors that come along with it. The firm has to change its position with the changing times otherwise it will literally vanish away from its competitors and more so the customers, for which it actually exists. (Sims, 2002) It must bring about technological innovations so as to meet the ethical guidelines and best practices which are geared up to make it sound, look and eventually feel different from the rest of the lot and in the long run, have a selling proposition in it and in its products that help it in winning the customers time and time again. (Mills, 2003) 3. Employee Involvement The work culture within the employees can be developed in a manner which suits the interests of the organization in the best form possible. For this to happen, it is necessary to understand that resources department has got an immense role to play in the related equation. We must understand that we live in a global world where human resources has of late been instrumental at dramatically changing the way we perceive the way in which people think, act and feel on the job. (Bishop, 2003) The basic dogma on which the dot com companies work is to reach out to the greatest amount of people and make those people... The work culture within the employees can be developed in a manner which suits the interests of the organization in the best form possible. For this to happen, it is necessary to understand that resources department has got an immense role to play in the related equation. We must understand that we live in a global world where human resources has of late been instrumental at dramatically changing the way we perceive the way in which people think, act and feel on the job. (Bishop, 2003) The basic dogma on which the dot com companies work is to reach out to the greatest amount of people and make those people as their clients within a short duration of time. This would be on the expense of not being at concern related with the loss in the stock prices. The culture which was adopted by these companies was of get large or get lost in the whole frame of things. Only the technological basis makes the very same possible and a work culture of this regime is necessary to put things into perspe ctive. (Winter, 2001)4. Interrelationship between Organizational Strategy and Employee InvolvementAs far as the human resources function in the company’s cultural regimes is concerned, we see that in the present era the business world needs to have a lot of improvement within its ranks if it adopts the policy of working towards the establishment of a performance management system. This would guarantee them a lot of success as their employees and workers would dedicate their whole hearted efforts towards the well being of the company .

How I Saved a Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How I Saved a Life - Essay Example The American countryside experience was quite interesting and calm. Unlike the city which was flocked with people, Colorado had sparse population. There were a lot of old houses that we encountered as we drove off the highway and into a paved spur and finally to a washboard that led us to Ed’s home. The fresh smell of countryside welcomed us home as cows mooed and horses neighed. Our vacation had just begun. Hardly had we finished taking tea that we were out as Ed was dying to show me around. Joining us was one of Ed’s friends who schooled in the countryside and had come to welcome Ed home. The young girl was lovely and we got along quite easily.As we were strolling round the fields, I could not help but appreciate the beautiful scenery of the old structures together with the green environment. While everything seemed fine, the unexpected happened. I had a quick yell which fast disappeared into the ground. On turning back, I could not see the young girl. By that time, E d was running towards the source of the scream. I quickly followed him and true to our fears, Ed’s friend was trapped in a pit. The pit was dark and had stems and roots of various plants running deep inside. We could only hear echoes of the girl’s cries from the top of the pit. Confused and scared, we stared at each other not knowing what to do with darkness quickly setting in.Ed was particularly scared because of what I came to realize later was fear of losing the friend having lost a cousin in the pit some years back through a similar experience

Human Resource Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Human Resource Development - Essay Example Because the soft learning of management training is not measured currently, Westway Land requires a different human resources model to determine management growth in training using a Critical Incidents Technique and alterations to how HR approaches the assessment of management learning. Because the movement from a junior-level position to a middle management position requires maintaining the specific skills and competencies necessary to fulfill a higher-influence role in business activities, Westway Land requires a template by which these competencies can be measured from identified trainee to trainee. The critical incidents technique describes a series of hypothetical management situations or other relevant encounters, asking for a specific solution from trainee members regarding how best to appropriately handle these situations. Based on the individual demands of the business, whether the middle management positions entail heavy customer interaction or simply the organisation of subordinate employee job roles, the critical incidents template can be constructed at a relatively low cost, with low staff investment in its design, to capture the essence of management job roles after training has occurred. Because the systems and processes already exist at the company which measure individual job performance and clearly outline the role responsibilities in management positions, the critical incidents techniques should be constructed with 10-15 unique circumstances, calling for an ultimate qualitative analysis of assessed manager responses. Lau and Neal (2009) offers that significant contributions to what drives employee satisfaction are job security, communication, autonomous working environments, and compensation. With this in mind, from a rather practical HR viewpoint, if the junior manager’s new role (upon training completion) will involve a heavy focus on staff interventions and project leadership roles, assessment criteria built into the new critical

DETAILED COMPARISON BETWEEN ACT AND RULE UTILITARIANISM Essay

DETAILED COMPARISON BETWEEN ACT AND RULE UTILITARIANISM - Essay Example A good consequence is determined in terms of pleasure or happiness (both intrinsic and instrumental), according to Bentham. So, his concept can also be termed as â€Å"hedonic utilitarianism† since he experimented logically that we look for pleasure (hedonism) and avert pain, assuming that both pleasure and pain hold an impact on our decisions, although we are conscious of right or wrong and cause or effect. Two forms of utilitarianism, act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism are in conflict with each other. Act utilitarianism, being a results-oriented theory, supports consequentialism, assuming right or wrong on the basis of outcomes. Instead, rule utilitarianism, being an idealistic and inflexible theory, is based on rules involving conduct and related principles. Believers of rule utilitarianism don’t violate the rules, approved by mainstream. Act Utilitarian upholds that the principle of utility must be employed in all individual situations, whenever possible. Bentham indicates that most vital attributes to determine what is moral are pleasure and pain. The practicality of an action decides its rightness or wrongness, bringing about the utmost good from countless evolving outcomes. For instance, if you are in a state where you consider lying to be a supreme good, at that point, you should lie. If infringement of law leads towards ultimate good of a particular act, then that act would be correct to adhere to. Likewise, Act Utilitarianism allows for flexibility, considering individual situations and identifying the right action strategy to produce extreme happiness. Conversely, Rule Utilitarianism, associated with John Stuart Mill, concentrates on common rules that each person must obey to lead towards the greatest community benefit. Unlike Act Utilitarianism, Rule Utilitarianism institutes the best rules, followed by the whole community, though it doesn’t head

Ojt Doc Essay Example for Free

Ojt Doc Essay Listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange in 2007 after a successful initial public offering, the company has built its reputation for delivering its projects on time, without sacrificing the beauty and functionality of its developments. Initially finding its niche within the affluent Filipino-Chinese community, ALHI has brought modern condo living to Old Manila through a fusion of current trends and traditional comforts and practices. The company’s developments take inspiration from upscale condos in major cities around the world while incorporating age-old Feng Shui principles. Building on the successful formula of its first project, the 33-storey Lee Tower in Binondo which was sold out within 9 months and delivered ahead of schedule in 2006, ALHI has continued its dynamic and aggressive approach to take on even bigger and bolder challenges. The company has several ongoing developments, with more in the pipeline. It has started turning over units to buyers of its Mayfair Tower along UN Avenue in Ermita, in the heart of colonial Old Manila, and its second condominium in Binondo, the Mandarin Square, which by the end of 2008 is more than 50 percent completed. Both developments will take condo living in Manila to a higher level with first class amenities rivaling the best there is in the country. Anchor Land likewise broke ground for its Solemare Parksuites, its first project outside of the City of Manila, in December of 2008. The 18-storey twin tower residential project at the ASEANA Business Park in Paranaque City, near the humongous Mall of Asia, caters to those who want to be at the center of Metro Manila’s emerging cultural and entertainment hub along scenic Manila Bay. Among the company’s plans are the development of the tallest building in Binondo, Manila, the 56-storey Anchor Skysuites that is guaranteed to further raise the benchmark in the Chinatown district, as well as projects in San Juan, another in Ermita, a fourth project in Binondo, among others. What sets the company apart from other Philippine developers is its ability to execute its business plans. While others give tremendous focus and attention to their business development efforts but hardly sustain them afterwards, Anchor Land makes sure that its business plans are meticulously implemented. The secret lies in the active involvement of its key people in sales and marketing from the conceptualization stage and throughout the development of each project, with each department – from business development to engineering, finance, sales and customer relations – all in constant touch to ensure the seamless, on time delivery of the company’s commitments. In 2008, the company has started to attract the attention not only of local investors, but international award-giving bodies as well for its sterling performance. Anchor Land was one of only two Philippine companies included in Forbes Magazine’s list of 200 Best Companies in Asia with capitalization of under $1 billion, a feat made possible by the company’s sterling financial performance amidst the global economic slowdown. Internally, the company continues to build and strengthen its organization with the goal by recruiting and honing the best talents available in the manpower market, and by maintaining a small but dedicated cadre of sales people who have imbued Anchor Land’s corporate values of discipline, commitment, and excellent service. The company values each and every employee’s contributions, and recognizes them via a rewards and recognition system that puts premium on providing the best service to customers throughout the whole cycle of each and every project. III. Summary of OJT Experience IV. Assessment of the OJT/Practicum Program A. New Knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired Being the intern of the I. T. Department of Anchor Land Holdings Inc. I have learned many things that are beneficial for me and for my well – being. Here is the list of the skills that I acquired during my internship period: -Organization of files. -Networking. -Remote Access. -LAN cables. -LAN and Internet connections. -Centralized server. -Ncomputing technology -Computer building. -Kaspersky Lab. -Organization Security. -Data Back-up. -Routers For Troubleshooting -Printers -Fax Machine -Photocopy Machine. -Outlook. -Web connectivity. -Skype. -Computers. -Routers.

Jim’s Training Needs Analysis Essay Example for Free

Jim’s Training Needs Analysis Essay Introduction In this case study the training needs analysis is lacking in job duties and responsibilities that create an unsafe environment. The training program is not consistent or is it cost effective in the trial and error method in backhoe procedures. Jim needs the organization to create a training objective in KSAs. Management needs to review the workplace methods in safe practices, regulations and work conditions that meet the goals and objectives of the organization. Potential Cost to Lack of Training This method in trial and error for a day to check an employee’s skills can mean they are doing well, but improvement is needed in their progress to determine their KSAs. Jim is adaptable to changing situations, but truly does not know the backhoe equipment, safety precautions, or the operating techniques of digging a hole. This type of training does not align in cost effective measures, the supervisor should observe and mentor Jim in his position as a backhoe operator and teamwork is essential to get the job done. There is no transfer of training to the task. It appears the organization is small and lacks resources to train their employees in new skills. There was no development phase of formulating an instructional strategy (Blanchard Thacker, 2013). The organization lacked high quality services, and continued to grow and Jim’s job satisfaction to a large degree is dependent on input from other co-workers. The crew chief and Bill Granger, gave credible advice, standards of performance and guidelines by providing proper instructions in operating the backhoe. However, Jim’s work quality was deficient in breaking waterlines or digging up underground telephone lines. According to Blanchard Thacker  (2013, p. 151) table 5-4 would have been cheaper in a training program, then constantly paying for the damage Jim imposed upon the company. It was as if there were no rules to work by, and Jim did not have a clear sense of appropriate behavior. In addition, his crew members were not happy in Jim’s operating techniques and they strived to get the job done safely and effectively. This type of non-training is detrimental to the organization, and can create a hostile work environment with individuals needing proper skills. Jim is performing inefficiently and lacks the application to perform the job satisfactorily. Recommended Methods and Training for the Organization The employee selection process starts with the job description. The employee employed is interviewed and other applicable testing for the position. This will include the pre and post-test method in screening the applicant according to the organizations policies and state, federal regulations. In addition, consider a ninety day probationary period. This would help the organization to determine if Jim’s performance, attitude, attendance measures to the organization’s standards. The business stakeholders want to know that the employees and training matches the experience, benchmarks and performance metrics (Saunderson, 2012). According to Saunderson (2012) the training needs to be transparent, solve problems, how to operate equipment and relay information and not provide redundant skills. According to Blanchard Thacker (2013, p. 155) table 5-6 verbs is transferring the training: Knowledge to analyze, cite explain and reproduce tasks. Skills to assemble, operate install and demonstrate. Attitudes align with the organization in commitment. Jim was deficient in these skills as the operator of the backhoe and the crew chief and team members realized he was not prepared for this position. Therefore, the TNAs would be cost effective for the organization. This means a combination of classroom and on-the-job training. The workplace training is to incorporate the latest organizational policies, procedures and state, federal guidelines. In addition, the training would be tailored to certifications, training materials, safe work conditions and ready reference  materials for the pretest/post-test final exam. Workforce training and planning trends today need to meet these objectives (Planning for people, 2012, Dec 29): Address skill gaps. Recruitment process, orientation, employee coaching, mentoring and development are specific and have compensation initiatives. Define goals in terms of human resource metrics, timelines and measure what is accomplished. Ensure senior management support. Involve management in overseeing the development of the workforce plan and it is linked to the corporate strategy. Ensure employees are updated/trained in new policies/procedure and are executed effectively. This would create an organization’s continuity plan towards the strategic direction. In addition, the organization implementation, maintenance and performance metrics. The Trainer and Training Environment The trainer and training environment will be within the workplace. This will eliminate any concerns that this training will not work at this plant, the boss generally makes those decisions and will better transfer the training to their specific job Blanchard Thacker (2013, p. 285). In a small business this is cost effective and the development phase input, process and output define the organizations objective goals. In the training and development process of equipment it will be done off-site to determine skills, safety practices and the actual physical operation of outdoor machinery. Throughout this implementation phase, the physical environment must be constantly monitored. This ensures learning has occurred. The learning process will be generalizability in jobs-relatedness and practice skills to the actual job Blanchard Thacker (2013, p. 294). The primary concerns in a training program is the learning impact, cost, time schedule without reducing productivity in the workplace environment. Therefore, the training program will be disseminated in advance throughout all levels of the organization. This will allow management, senior executive’s involved sufficient time to arrange employee’s schedules. This will be done so that work assignment can be adequately covered during the individual’s absence. The training will be evaluated and measured according to the skills learned  and transferred to the job. According to Blanchard Thacker (2013, p. 318) providing feedback to the trainer, can be used to modify the program and process to facilitate the training success. Conclusion The case scenario with Jim, truly demonstrated that trial and error method is not cost effective as a training and development program would be in an organization. In addition, when individuals are deficient in job skills it can create a hostile environment, lower morale and not encourage teamwork. In the above examples the best trainer would be within the workplace to diminish any barriers to the training methods. In addition off-site training for outdoor machinery would be effective in safe work conditions and actual operation of equipment. Jim needs the organization to create a training objective in KSAs. Management needs to review the workplace methods in safe practices, regulations and work conditions that meet the goals and objectives of the organization. References Blanchard, P.N. Thacker, J. W. (2013). Effective Training: Systems, Strategies, and Practices (5th ed). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. Planning for people. (2012, Dec 29). Winnipeg Free Press Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1265594428?accountid=32521 Saunderson, R. (2012). Transparency in training. Training, 49(1), 134-135. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020618237?accountid=32521

Meeting Childrens Needs Using A Holistic Approach Young People Essay

Meeting Childrens Needs Using A Holistic Approach Young People Essay Play is the only way the highest intelligence of human kind can unfold Joseph Chilton Pearce Critically discuss how practitioners can meet childrens all-round care, learning and development needs by adopting a holistic approach. Recent government publications have focused on frameworks which support a holistic approach to the care and development of children. This essay will explore recent and historical theories of holism and the merits of such in the context of early learning. It will investigate how differing approaches meet the individual needs of children. It will discuss how the Common Core of Skills and Knowledge for the Childrens Workforce enables the five outcomes of Every Child Matters: Change for Children (ECM) to be delivered through the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS); simultaneously embracing a holistic, play based approach to learning and development. It will also identify the need for practitioners to truly understand and fully embrace their principles in order to deliver a child centred curriculum. Additionally it will explore the writings of those who appose the EYFS and establish if these notions are justified. References will be made to the writers setting and this will be referred to as the setting. Through play, the holistic development of the child is encouraged. Holistic is a term devised from the Greek word meaning whole and entire. A true holistic approach is child centred, recognises that every child is individual and unique, and should be treated with respect, regardless of age, race, religion, social status, disability. Every child has the right to a safe, secure, happy childhood with accesses to outside agencies who can offer support if needed. Play is a means through which children explore and make sense of their world preparing them for adulthood. Children are naturally curious, and by providing space, resources, opportunities, positive interactions with adults, peers and a safe environment for them to explore, learning and development will take place. Research undertaken by play for change (2008) revealed that play is vital to a childs development and practitioners should hold a sound knowledge of it. It is through play that children learn from their mistakes and bui ld relationships with others. There is no right or wrong way to play, it is something that morphs and changes constantly. It becomes, evolves and is built upon by the child. Pound mentions that; Play encourages creativity and imagination. It is intellectually, socially, emotionally, physically and linguistically challenging and encourages children to work in depth (alone and with others). It can offer all children the chance to explore and learn at their own pace and stage of development. It has a crucial role in enabling children to consolidate learning (Pound 2008 p74) Children should all have the right to an individual, experience rich learning environment, which is provided by practitioners, who have a clear understanding of how to meet their learning needs and styles. This in turn will engage childrens learning and enable them to develop and reach their full potential. Lindon defines the term holistic in a child context as; A holistic or whole child approach stresses the importance of thinking about and behaving towards children as entire individuals, that all their skills are important and support their whole development. Lindon (2009) p10 And Miller (2000) describes holistic education as; each person finds identity, meaning, and purpose in life through connections to the community, to the natural world, and to spiritual values such as compassion and peace. Holistic education aims to call forth from young people an intrinsic reverence for life and a passionate love of learning. The Children Act (2004) and ECM underpinned all legal changes to the childrens services. The ECM document, aims to protect children from harm, keep them healthy and help them to achieve their goals in life. Prevention, intervention and protection are at the forefront of this wider vision by promoting multi-disciplinary working and effective protection for children. The EYFS is the framework central to a ten year strategy that brings together all other existing frameworks. Integrated within the EYFS are the five outcomes of ECM, which are, be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well- being. Also the principles of the Common Core of skills and knowledge, which are; effective communication and engagement with children and families, child development, safeguarding and promoting the welfare of the child, supporting transitions, multi agency and integrated working and information sharing. These combined frameworks provide a child centred approach to the care and education of children. This is underpinned by a holistic, play based approach. It will ensure that all children have access to a consistent approach to care, learning and development. It is essential that all practitioners have a sound understanding of current frameworks and how to relate them to every day practice thus ensuring they are me eting the needs of all children. Maslows theory of the hierarchy of needs forms the basis of a holistic approach. Maslow identified five levels of need, starting with food and water. The next stage is safety and love followed by self esteem. At the top of his pyramid is self actualization. He believed that a child can not progress to the next stage until all their current needs have been met. He considers it the priority of the curriculum to meet the needs of children inside the classroom. The practitioner must provide an environment where children are safe, secure and emotionally stable and have a sense of belonging. A safe and happy childhood is the bedrock for childrens future learning and development. This concurs with the principles of the EYFS when providing a holistic education for children and the DCSF write that; A secure, safe and happy childhood is important in its own right, and it provides the foundation for children to make the most of their abilities and talents when they grow up. (DCSF 2008, p7) Children begin learning and developing before they are born and research proved that; 90% of a childs brain connections will be made by the time they are five. That means that their development and learning from birth to the age of five has significant influence on their future lives. (CWDC, 2010) During this period children are more responsive to the care and experiences they encounter. Bertram and Pascal (2006) p.70 discuss how high quality effective experiences provided in the early years improve life chances. Looking at the child holistically, with distinctive needs, interests and learning styles is beneficial to their development, and it is the belief of Hutchin that; To ensure children are confident, happy and engaged in learning their individual needs must be met. Hutchin (2006) p30 The notion of a holistic approach to education is not a recent one, and was identified as far back as 1805 by Pestalozzi (Pound 2008 p8). He was of the opinion that education was personal, and must appeal to the learners interests. He stressed the importance of recognising the uniqueness of all, and believed everyone had the potential to succeed. The EYFS integrates these principles into the framework and believes that; The EYFS and the Early Learning Goalsprovide sufficient flexibility for practitioners to follow childrens interests, respond to their ideas for developing play activities, and provide structured activities (which can also be playful to teach specific knowledge and skills. DCSF (2009) p4 Te Whariki, the curriculum of New Zealand also stresses the importance recognising children as unique, and that working closely with families is crucial to a childs development. It emphasises the important role play has in learning and development, and through its holistic approach aims to ensure all children grow up competent and confident, and can contribute positively to society. It also aims to ensure children are physically and mentally healthy (Pound 2008 p67- 69). Howard (2010), pointed out that; Early Years Education today needs to be far more creative than it has been in the past, as it needs to equip children with the skills and processes for an unknown tomorrow. (Howard, 2010 p51) Addressing childrens individuality and uniqueness through a holistic approach will ensure they progress to healthy adults, and enable them to remain a confident, stable member of an unpredictable world. Palmer (2006) p198 discusses how every child has a desire to learn and has an indication of what they want to learn. If the adult is aware of the childs interests, they will incite their enthusiasm and desire to learn more. He also writes that a rigid curriculum which gives no thought to a childs interests, or what inspires them, will not facilitate learning. The core principles of the EYFS are that, children learn and understand the world in which they live through play. Purposeful play primarily facilitates the development of social and emotional skills. These skills then assist all other areas of learning. Learning must be pleasurable, stimulating and challenging and performed in surroundings that reinforce holistic development. It is essential that it provides them with enough skills and self assurance to become a competent learner. All childrens individual needs and interests should be planned, through analysis of careful non judgemental observation. Planning should be individual, and incorporate a childs unique interests and developmental stage. Some do not fully understand the principles of a holistic approach and the aims of the EYFS, or how to implement them correctly, to ensure the children are happy, engaged learners. This therefore, highlights a need for settings to ensure that all practitioners are suitably informed, and educated regarding its principles and delivery. A true understanding of its core values and aims is vital, and all who implement should understand that; Play underpins the delivery of all the EYFS. DCSF (2008) p 6-7 Many of the children within the setting can become restless in situations which are of no interest to them. The most common is during the extremely formal registration period. The relevance of such an activity, should, be considered to determine whether it holds any learning potential. The Setting Manager considers the formal approach to learning favourable, and insists all children gather together at the beginning of each session for thirty minutes carpet time and registration. It is believed, that this is an unrealistic time scale for children to sit quietly listening to one adult. Unfortunately, the Foundation Stage Manager has a differing opinion. She is of the belief that children do not learn through osmosis or child initiated play, and that an adult must have constant input in order for any learning to take place. Adult initiated activities are interpreted as; the children are given worksheets daily and asked to complete them following a model on the board. All children are gi ven the same worksheet regardless of their ability. These worksheets are then used as evidence to add to their port folios. It is her belief that the purpose of observation is for expanding the content of a port folio and not the main source of evidence for assessment. To try and counteract these issues the larger of the two areas in the Foundation Unit has been re-organised. Low level print and interactive displays have been added. All areas have been made more accessible and enhancements such as materials, pictures and books added, to provide a good continuity of provision. Mark making tools have been placed in baskets around the area, these can then be transported by the children into other areas to encourage, and promote early writing skills. Numbers have been placed around the unit in various forms and interactive displays where shapes, numbers and colours can be sorted, have been added to promote problem solving, reasoning and number as well as fine motor skills. Photographs have been added to shelving units to help children to when tidying away. All provision is now accessible at all times allowing the children free flow play whenever possible. The two outdoor areas have also been improved, adding various materials to support learning. There are still many more improvements to be made both indoors and outdoors. Contrary to the managers beliefs, children are observed when possible by all other staff members. These observations are used to inform the planning of some team members. More in depth training as to the holistic aims of the EYFS, and its correct delivery would be advantageous. However, following her retirement in July, September will bring new changes to the routines of the setting, and promote a more child centred approach to learning. It was the belief of Montessori (Pound 2008 p 29-31) that a childs natural ability to learn stems from solid experience and the use of objects to explain ideas and concepts. Observation played a major role in her work and a fundamental part of the EYFS is assessment through observation and it identifies; Providers must ensure that practitioners are observing children and .use these observations and assessments to identify learning priorities and plan relevant and motivating learning experiences for each child. DCSF(2009) p16 Italys Reggio Emila approach to learning not only agrees that all children have potential, and are individual and unique, but it also believes that observing and recording childrens experiences and play through various means e.g. photographs, videos, written observations is crucial to learning and development. (Pound 2008. P52, 53) Nutbrown and Carter (2010) p114 write that; Watching and learning are the essential tools of assessment with which practitioners can both establish the progress that has already taken place and explore the futureThe role of the adult in paying careful attention to childrens learning, and reflecting upon that learning, is crucial to the enhancement of childrens future learning. Observation plays a key part in establishing a childs developmental progress, interests and learning styles. Observing children in everyday activities enables practitioners to build up a precise image of the child, their understanding, and personal interests. These judgements should be based on childrens actions that are independent and uninfluenced by an adult. A holistic practitioner must be able to identify a childs individual learning needs and care requirements, as well as establish how their learning and development has progressed. Coates and Thompson agree that; In recording development and progress, relationships and actions become significant and illustrative of the progression in childrens learning. Coates Thomson(2010) p68 The holistic approach of the EYFS promotes the use of observations and maintains their importance in a childs development. It writes; observe childrens activities carefully, trying to discover what the child is thinking about and learning and the goals of the play, so they can accurately support and extend the childs learning focus either at the time, or later by changes to the environment or in planned activities. DCSF(2009) The project approach is a more recent approach to education and believes that all children have the desire to learn and want to make sense of their experiences through hands on experience. They must identify situations where learned skills will be useful and used appropriately to solve problems. Children build on their existing knowledge and they need the practitioner to aid the progression of these skills Classrooms must offer flexible learning which supports the needs of all children (Chard). A skilful practitioner will have the ability to engage with children and support these concepts. The EYFS recognises the importance of these ideologies and makes many references throughout the document on how to implement these measures and incorporate them into the curriculum successfully. It has been established that learning through play is central to the ideologies of the EYFS and indoors and outdoors are both equally as important as learning environments, and both equally as important in a childs development. It states that; Play underpins the delivery of all the EYFS. Children must have opportunities to play indoors and outdoors. . DCSF(2009) p7 The EYFS believes that children should be allowed to have responsibility for their learning and be able to make decisions and learn from their mistakes. A great deal of emphasis is placed on the fact that what a child can already do and are interested in, is a starting point for their learning Tassoni and Hucker agree that; Play is considered to be one of the primary needs of a child. Play is often said to be childs work Play is the main way in which children learn, and therefore play affects all aspects of a childs development. Tassoni Hucker (2000)p.1,5 The EYFS offers a developmentally, flexible continuum of goals for children from birth to five. For practitioners who agree with its principles and understand its true pedagogy implementation should be reasonably unproblematic. There are six areas of learning and development within the EYFS, which are broken down into, one hundred and seventeen scale points. Scale points four to eight are not hierarchical and can be achieved in any order. Scale point nine reflects those children who are beginning to move beyond the early learning goals. Many of the scale points interrelate and are often achievable together. The developmental stages of the EYFS overlap recognising that children are unique and will develop, grow and learn at differing rates. The children in the setting have a broad spectrum of abilities, and the flexibility and overlapping developmental phases of the EYFS enable practitioners to effectively identify where children are in relation to their development. It also assists s ome practitioners to plan and resource for individuals, as well as small groups who share similar abilities and interests. One member of staff works solely with a child who has special educational needs and she finds the EYFS guidance a valuable tool for establishing his progress when planning activities to support his learning, using the Look, listen and note section. This exemplifies the EYFS has a true understanding of the holistic approach to childrens development. Kelly agrees that; An important feature of the EYFS is the principle of it being a developmental framework. Rather than prescribing a set of learning objectives or targets, it is intended to provide a continuum of development (milestones) which acknowledges the fact that children are unique and may not progress in the same way or at a uniform rate. Kelly (2009) But is the EYFS as holistic and child centred as it claims to be, some think not, the Open Eye Campaign believes it is; overly prescriptive, potentially harmful to the development of children and a breach of the human right of parents to have their children educated in accordance with their own philosophies. Open Eye (2007) However, the DCSF counter argue that; There is no obligation in the EYFS for children to reach any particular standards The EYFS is founded on the importance of play. It doesnt require any formal approaches, and in fact discourages them, recognising that children need to play to have fun and to learn about the world around them, by playing freely with support from adults. DSCF(2008) p9 And the QCDA( Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency) states that; Parents can apply for an exemption to the school that their child attends, if they consider that the learning and development requirements of the EYFS framework (or some element of them) are in conflict with their religious or philosophical beliefs. QCDA (2010) These statements reinforce that the core principles of the EYFS places the child at the centre of its practice, and any parent has the right to withdraw their child from any aspects of the curriculum they disapprove of. It also confirms that parents do have the casting vote on how their child is educated. Within the developmental stages are the early learning goals. These are not necessarily attainable by all children, and the goals cover a wide range of achievable objectives. In agreement with the earlier citation by Kelly (2009), it is believed that it ensures all children, whatever their stages of development have their learning needs identified and met. Most children will not have achieved all scale points at the end of their reception year and ideally implementation of the EYFS should continue into KS1. In their letter to the Department for Children, Schools and Families, Siraj-Blatchford,  Duffy  and Nelson request that the EYFS; Continues the Early Years Foundation Stage to the end of Key Stage 1. Siraj-Blatchford,  Duffy  and Nelson (2008) Kirklees are in agreement with this fact and write that; Teachers in Y1 can continue to use the EYFS Profile as their assessment tool for children where they consider this to be appropriate. This will be particularly the case for children who have not obtained any or most of the Early Learning Goals (ELG) scale points 4-8 in a particular EYFS Profile scale. Kirklees (2009) Transitions can sometimes prove stressful for children and this is recognised by the Common core of skills and knowledge. This asserts that, supporting a continued approach will enable the child to adapt more easily to stressful situations they encounter throughout their lives. These could be between classes or family issues. Within the setting a great deal of training and discussion has taken place to implement these measures, ensuring the Year One Teacher plans effective, responsive activities that support continued development. Many changes have been made to the set up and structure of the Years One classroom to guarantee a continuum of good practice which will enable children to carry on achieving. It is also essential that practitioners listen and respond to childrens needs and feelings. Assisting them to overcome difficulties and address any problems they face. Sharing these fears and worries with others will help them deal with them in a controlled, safe environment, with attentive, understanding impartial adults The children within the setting attend circle and nurture time on a weekly basis. This session allows the children a chance to discuss how their actions, and the actions of others impact, both positively and negatively on feelings. Children are given the opportunity to discuss their feelings, worries and concerns with a member of staff who is trained to deal with them. Any serious concerns are forwarded to the designated person in charge of child protection. They are dealt with in a tactful and sensitive manner following the relevant policies. This activity also reinforces social skills such as turn taking and sharing. One of the achievable goals outlined in the EYF S is; Work as part of a group or class, taking turns and sharing fairly, understanding that there needs to be agreed values and codes of behaviour for groups of people, including adults and children, to work together harmoniously. DCSF(2008) During this session they also participate in nurture time this is based on the premise of play therapy and the children are given the opportunity to address their feelings through carefully controlled play situations. It gives them a chance to deal with, and express their emotions in a calm controlled way, with staff who are trained to deal with and support the child through any difficult and emotional times. The EYFSs holistic aim puts the child at the centre of all practice and recognises their individuality. It welcomes and celebrates difference and diversity in all, and great importance is placed on communicating effectively with parents and involving them in every process of their development. Parents are recognised as the childs main educator. Part of this involves each child having a key worker who will help them to develop whilst offering support to both the child and the family. Key workers provide a safe and secure attachment for the child and their parents. They are a point of contact, with which parents can discuss any worries or concerns. They are responsible for a small group of children who they help to settle and observe. They liaise with parents and other outside agencies where necessary. This concept relates to Bowlby and Goldschmieds theory of attachment. Both believed that secure attachments are essential for positive social, emotional and intellectual development, and that children will show a preference to one adult, and that these attachments are a normal part of development. (Pound 2008 p44-45). Jackson (2009) draws our attention to this and writes; the key person system is designed to ensure that each child in a day nursery has a special relationship with an individual staff member. Jackson (2009) There are two Teachers, two Nursery Nurses and two Classroom Assistants within the setting and although certain children and parents have formed attachments with staff, there is currently no key worker system in place. This decision was not undertaken without due consideration. Many incidents have occurred, where one of the Classroom Assistants had miss informed parents and wrongly recorded information, she was offered the relevant training and self development but declined the offer, stating that she did not have the time or the confidence to drive to other locations. Other members of staff offered help and advice, but this too was declined. These concerns were brought to the attention of the Head Teacher, who recommended that a well informed member of the team should be readily available whenever parents are in the building, and all recorded information should be checked before being placed in the childrens profiles. At this present moment in time these issues are still been addres sed, and it is hoped that in the near future an effective key worker system will be established. Although children may appear the same and share similar interests they are all individual and unique. This not only relates to their interests, development, and learning styles but also their race, religion and cultural heritage. By celebrating and embracing difference and diversity the EYFS maintains that every child is included and not put at a disadvantage. It is important that every child must learn to value the differences and diversity in others and mature into confident adults that will make a positive contribution to society. In her introduction to diversity, inclusion and learning in the early years Siraj-Blachford identifies that; In modern, diverse societies, and a world that increasingly recognizes the realities of global interdependence, it is essential that children learn social competence to respect other groups and individuals, regardless of the difference. The learning must begin in the earliest years of a childs education. Siraj-Blachford (2010) p151 Pound (2009) p 9-11 discusses how Bronfenbrenner developed the Egological Systems this theory relates to how everything that surrounds a child has an influence on their development, and that practitioners must treat all children, their families, beliefs and culture with respect and create a setting that is both welcoming and accepting. In recent years the setting has become a more diverse environment and now welcomes families of differing religions, countries and heritages. In order to ensure each individual felt accepted and valued, a display which contained the words hello and welcome in several languages was added. This was displayed along side a talented wall which contained a picture of each child engaged in their favourite activities and the words I am talented, together we are awesome, because I can. The Leeds Gypsy Roma Traveller achievement service also provided a range of resources which were displayed around the setting. The aim was to raise awareness and overcome prejudice of the Gypsy, Roma and Travellers in the setting and highlight the values of their culture and heritage. A parent informed the setting that she had enjoyed looking at the displays and artefacts and had gained a great deal of knowledge and understanding from them. One child became greatly interested in the objects displayed on a table. He took ownership of the toy caravan and placed it into his pocket at the beginning of every session. He removed it at intervals during the day and used it to enhance his play in various areas. He then placed it back on the table before he left, usually hiding it behind a bigger object where it was safe for the next day. All current frameworks place a strong emphasis on safe guarding, multi-agency working and information sharing between settings, social services, health professionals and all those who come into contact with children. The common core of skills and knowledge emphasises the importance of practitioners holding a sound knowledge of how these agencies work and interrelate. Early intervention is vital. When effective, operational partnerships are formed between various organisations relevant information can be obtained and acted upon rapidly ensuring problems are detected and addressed before they become harmful to the child. A practitioner who recognises the holistic approach to the child must be aware of the policies and procedures when dealing with safe-guarding issues. The common core of skills and knowledge are not yet legal requirement any many settings and practitioners are unaware of its existence. Making this legal requirement will guarantee all practitioners are capable of deliver ing its aims in the correct manner with the child at the forefront of their practice. This outlines the necessity for practitioners to be reflective and undertake regular personal development to ensure they provide the best quality of care and learning. It also requires practitioners to regularly reflect on and develop their own practice, in order to improve the provision, learning potential and wellbeing of individuals in the setting ensuring their individual needs are met. Conclusion When delivered as intended the Common Core of Skills and Knowledge, ECM and the EYFSs principles do place the child at the centre of all good practise. They stress the importance of meeting a childs individual needs and care requirements. None the less it has been established that some do not comprehend how to deliver it effectively understanding truly the childs uniqueness. This has identified a need to further train practitioners in its aims and principles. Many theories and approaches have been considered when compiling the EYFS and the most vital components have been added. John Oates (2007) one of the writers of the EYFS, states that it recognises the importance of uniqueness and developmental differences between children. He claims that assessing children is not to establish success or failure, but to stress how the main areas of learning are built upon from previous experience. Although the school that the setting is attached to aims to provide a holistic approach to care and education, it has been established that the setting and its staff needs to go through man

An Analysis of two businesses :: Business and Management Studies

An Analysis of 2 businesses Level 2 Task 1 Being a partnership is suited to Mount Pleasant Post Office for many reasons. These are concerned especially with: 1) The size of the business being small 2) The responsibility of the owners 3) The way that the profits of the business are shared out Some of the reasons why it is most suitable for Mount Pleasant Post Office to be a partnership are concerned the advantages it gets from being a partnership. These are the advantages this partnership business gets: 1) When this business first started up, it did not need the help of solicitors or accountants. This was because it was already easy to set up. 2) Also there is no-one who will know about how well the business is doing. This way, everything can be kept private. 3) Unlike Sole Proprietorships, more capital can be raised. This is because there are more people/owners to gather money. There are also sleeping partners who don’t actually run the business on a day-by-day basis, but they do provide money when it is vitally needed. 4) Another advantage is that unlike sole Proprietorship businesses, this business has unlimited specialisation. This means that the jobs can be shared out amongst the owners. Certain people who are good at certain things wouldn’t have to bother with the other jobs. Other reasons why it is most suitable for Mount Pleasant Post Office to be a partnership are concerned with the disadvantages it would get from organising itself in a different way. These are the disadvantages Mount Pleasant Post Office would face by being a sole proprietorship: 1) The business would have had limited specialisation which means that the owner would have had to do everything to keep the business going. 2) If the owner fell ill, then he would have to close the complete business for some time. Also if the owner wants to have a break and go on a holiday then he would have to close the business for some time. 3) If the owner is unhappy about running the business and wants to quit, then the business also ends. These are the disadvantages Mount Pleasant Post Office would face by being a limited company: 1) The public would have to be notified about how the business is going by producing reports. These reports are costly to produce even

Robert Hooke :: biographies bio

Robert Hooke , the son of John Hooke was bonr at Freshwater, a part of the Isle of Wight. Robert's father was a curator for The All Saint's Church in thier town. Robert Hooke was born on July 18, 1635. The majority of young Hooke's education was provided by his father John, but he also became an aprentice to an artist. Robert moved to London and enrolled into the Westminister School when he was thirteen after his father committed suicide. The head master, Dr. Busby, took him in and encouraged is learning. Hooke apears to have been an avid learner. According to Hooke's biography at roberthooke.org, Young Robert Hooke has been reported to have learned many ancient languages, mastered the first six books of Euclid's Elements in week, and learned to play the organ. A quote from one of Hooke's conteporaries, Christiaan Huyghens: 'As to his person he was but despicable, being very crooked, tho' I have heard from himself, and others, that he was strait till about 16 Years of Age when he first grew awry, by frequent practicing, with a Turn-Lath . . . He was always very pale and lean, and laterly nothing but Skin and Bone, with a meagre aspect, his eyes grey and full, with a sharp ingenious Look whilst younger; his nose but thin, of a moderate height and length; his mouth meanly wise, and upper lip thin; his chin sharp, and Forehead large; his Head of a middle size. He wore his own hair of a dark Brown colour, very long and hanging neglected over his Face uncut and lank....† (roberthooke.org) Robert Hooke became Robert Boyle's assistant in 1658 due to his aptitude for making experimental equipment and designing experiments. In 1662 Hooke became the curator of experiments for the Royal Scociety of London. Besides being an accomplished scientist, Robert Hooke was also an architect and helped rebuild London after the great fire. In 1665 Hooke became a professor at Gresham College in London. He was a professor of geometry, but he performed many astronomical observations as well. Hooke spent the rest of his life working at the college. He became a secretary for the Royal Scociety in 1677. This brilliant figure died on the third of March 1703 in London. Robert Hooke's most famous scientific work was his book Micrographia, which he published in 1665. This book is a collection of observations from his homemade compound microscope and illumination system.

The Lord of the Rings :: essays research papers

In The Fellowship of the Ring, the Protagonist is Frodo Baggins, a hobbit from the Shire who becomes the Ring-bearer. The Antagonist is Sauron, the Dark Lord that forged the One Ring to take over Middle-Earth. In the fellowship, aside for the ring-bearer, are three other hobbits, Samwise Gamgee, Peregrin Took and Meriadoc Brandybuck, three of Frodo’s closest friends. There is also Gandalf, the wizard; Legolas Greenleaf, son of the Elf King of Northern Mirkwood; the dwarf Gimli, son of Gloin; Aragorn, son of Arathorn, and heir to the throne of Gondor; and Boromir, oldest son of the Steward of Gondor. They all have some talent or purpose in aiding Frodo in the quest. Gandalf is a powerful wizard, second to only Saruman the White. Legolas is an elven archer with a true aim. Gimli wields a powerful axe in battle and is a great craftsman. The true King of Gondor hasn’t yet re-claimed his throne but spends his time protecting and aiding the fellowship members. Boromir, next in line to be the Steward of Gondor, doesn’t always seem trustworthy. However, as time passes he forms a bond with the ‘Halflings’ (the hobbits) and is very protective of them. It is also quite useful for them to have two such humans, strong and tall, they both are a great help. The book takes place in different parts of Middle Earth during the â€Å"Third Age†. The mood is often quite tense with suspense and a sense of doom. They are in constant danger, always being watched or hunted. The hobbits leave their precious homes and travel through the Old Forest to get to Bree, where they meet Aragorn and he aids them in their journey. All five later leave for Rivendell and the mood is quite tense with the Black Riders hunting them down. On the way, they stop at Weathertop, where Frodo is, unfortunately, stabbed with a Morgul blade. Luckily, they all get to Rivendell safely with the help of Glorfindel, an elf. Once there, Frodo is given time to heal before Lord Elrond summons a council and the fellowship is formed with nine members. The fellowship continue on their quest to get rid of the ring and were forced to trudge through Caradhras in order to avoid ‘the dark and secret way’. However, they were forced to take that path, after being forced off Caradhras, through the Mines of Moria where it is believed that Gandalf had â€Å"fallen into shadow† in their escape.

Commentary Miss Clarissa Harlowe to Miss Howe

The extract taken from Samuel Richardson's Clarissa is a letter from Miss Clarissa Harlowe to her sister Miss Howe. In the letter, Miss Clarissa expresses her situation and her feels, as she slows builds up her trouble to the point where she becomes powerless and entangled. Her trouble is that she's in a situation where she's trapped by the events caused by two people whom both she dislikes, Mr. Lovelace who bothers her with improper suggestions and Mr. Solmes, who she's soon going to be married to. The extract is written in first person, since it is the actual letter itself where the writer describes her using the most common form â€Å"I†. This gives a more clear view towards the writer, Clarissa's inner emotions and thoughts. It is a piece of epistoltory writing, where the passage is constructed by short paragraphs that add intensity to the content. The passage starts with a factual tone where Miss Clarissa Harlowe describes her illicit correspondence with Mr. Lovelace by mentioning the letter he deposited in the private garden. The phrase â€Å"private place† suggest secrecy and illicitness of the correspondence and adds a sense of mystery. Speech marks are open in the second paragraph but there's no direct speech but only a summary of the situation, concerning time and place. In the factual summary, there's the omission of the names of people, and this implies that her sister Miss Howe knows the characters she mentions, and further, they must have a close relationship for her to know them. This is implication is corresponded with another implication that Miss Howe is not confused by the numerous pronouns used, that suggest she knows the situation well. The third paragraph is a complaint, that's slightly unfriendly and abrupt. The phrase â€Å"no one† gives a strong sense of accusation towards Mr. Lovelace. There's a sense of real trouble that builds up as the passage moves along. Her sister's, as well as her family's dislike towards Mr. Lovelace are expressed in the insults â€Å"upon him† and the preferring of M. Solmes stead of him. Trouble is suggested by the adding of bad relations of her family with Mr. Lovelace that makes the illicit correspondence dangerous. Mr. Lovelace's words about himself being more suitable for marriage than M. Solmes are polite and serious. He speaks of settlement, that includes wealth, money, land, which are all proper considerations of marriage. The â€Å"regularity of his life and manners† is a more serious expression that he had no bad habits. However, his bad habits are before his addresses to her, which implies that he had bad habits before. The politeness is suggested in the word â€Å"addresses†, as well as the phrase â€Å"he will not disgrace himself† and â€Å"hope of my favor†. However, contrary to Mr. Lovelace's polite offerings, the family and him are at bad terms, implied by the use of the imperative word â€Å"must† in his proposals, which suggest that the family will not likely accept them. Clarissa continues to use revelatory language to describe her situation with Mr. Lovelace. Her language reveals what Mr. Lovelace wants, says and what he will do in his letter. For example â€Å"he will submit to any measures that I shall prescribe, in order to bring about a reconciliation. † Along with his polite offerings, Mr. Lovelace tries to show that he has no bad intentions by the suggestion of a meeting â€Å"attended by whom I please†. Mr. Lovelace's suggestions are all improper, wild and impossible. Young women do not meet men at nighttime in some garden because reputation mattered. It was improper to offer her an asylum when she should be tyrannically treated and it was almost impossible for her friends to drive her into a foreign protection. She is offended towards the suggestions because she mentions them. M. Lovelace's suggestions condemn itself because its impossibility and improperness are all implied. The paradox exists when she mentions, â€Å"I had given him great encouragement† as well as the improper suggestions that she's offended to. It emphasizes the improperness of the suggestions and her feeling of being offended. Clarissa's retelling of Mr. Lovelace's description of himself, contrasts with Mr. Lovelace's improper, impossible suggestions. One is polite, serious while the other abrupt and offensive. The contrast further intensifies the feeling of being offended by Clarissa. In contrast to her strong feeling, her comments are reduced to only four lines while the majority of the description is about Mr. Lovelace. She moves to the inequality between man and woman where she finds women are too complaisant or bashful. There's an indication of the arrogance of men where women are entangled by old supposals and offers. However, inequality is only pinpointed with a few lines. There's the omission of detail of the inequality she mentions, as well as the omission of detail in her descriptions of her situation. Further there's the omission of Mr. Lovelace's emotions although he is the one that offers and suggestions. Later, she reanalyzes her own background, where she uses the alliteration â€Å"drawn and driven† that presents a sense of entrapment and powerlessness. Her emotions are shown through her heart, that condemns the â€Å"mere lover-like correspondence†. The sense of entrapment is further shown by the idea of things that crowds on her, where she could not â€Å"break it off†. The paradox between her being crowded by the idea of things and her being alone also strengthen the sense of entrapment. The demanding of advice from her sister suggests her alones and that she has to confide to someone not living there to seek her help. She sees love as entanglement, as she condemns the lover-like correspondence. The correspondence had caused the unhappy situation, â€Å"more and more entangled†. She not only dislikes Mr. Lovelace, but also Mr. Solmes, as she mentions that she wants break off the marriage. She's eager to escape the entanglement and seeks to be free, shown by her wishing to â€Å"put an end to it†. This is supported by the desperate tone she has, as she points clearly to her suffering by obvious words such as â€Å"unhappy. Her tone is also pessimistic, as she uses words such as â€Å"extricate†, which has a negative meaning. My personal response is that her entanglement is very difficult to resolve since she's going to marry soon. If she breaks off the marriage, it would cause Mr. Solmes to misunderstand her that she accepts his improper suggestions. Her problem is tragic and inevitable to avoid. For that, I feel sorry for her.